Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs in Energy-Intensive Industries: The Case of the Chemical Industry – Chlorine
In May 2013, the European Commission received a mandate from the European Council to “to present an analysis of the composition and drivers of energy prices and costs in Member States, with a particular focus on the impact on households, SMEs and energy intensive industries, and looking more widely at the EU’s competitiveness vis-à-vis its […]
Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs in Energy-Intensive Industries: The Case of the Chemical Industry – Ammonia
In May 2013, the European Commission received a mandate from the European Council to “to present an analysis of the composition and drivers of energy prices and costs in Member States, with a particular focus on the impact on households, SMEs and energy intensive industries, and looking more widely at the EU’s competitiveness vis-à-vis its […]
Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs in Energy-Intensive Industries: About the Study and Cross-Sectoral Analysis
In May 2013, the European Commission received a mandate from the European Council to “to present an analysis of the composition and drivers of energy prices and costs in Member States, with a particular focus on the impact on households, SMEs and energy intensive industries, and looking more widely at the EU’s competitiveness vis-à-vis its […]
The steel industry in the European Union
This report assesses the energy costs borne by the steel industry in the EU between 2010 and 2012, and compares the energy costs, including both the energy components and other regulatory costs, to production costs, turnover and margins of steel-makers. The estimates of energy costs are based on primary sources, i.e. is on information provided […]
Carbon Leakage: An Overview
The result of asymmetrical carbon policies, especially carbon pricing, and the resulting carbon cost, carbon leakage affects the international competitive position of some EU industry and could displace production and/or investment, and the emissions of the activities displaced. The issue is central to the discussions on climate policy, given the confluence of issues that are […]